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French corsairs
Corsairs ((フランス語:corsaire)) were privateers, authorized to conduct raids on shipping of a nation at war with France, on behalf of the French crown. Seized vessels and cargo were sold at auction, with the corsair captain entitled to a portion of the proceeds. Although not French Navy personnel, corsairs were considered legitimate combatants in France (and allied nations), provided the commanding officer of the vessel was in possession of a valid Letter of Marque (フランス語:''Lettre de Marque'' or フランス語:''Lettre de Course'', the latter giving ''corsairs'' their name), and the officers and crew conducted themselves according to contemporary admiralty law. By acting on behalf of the French Crown, if captured by the enemy, they could claim treatment as prisoners of war, instead of being considered pirates. Because corsairs gained a swashbuckling reputation, the word "corsair" is also used generically as a more romantic or flamboyant way of referring to privateers, or even to pirates. The Barbary pirates of North Africa as well as Ottomans were sometimes called "Turkish corsairs".
==Etymology==
The word "corsair" comes directly from the French word ''corsaire'', itself borrowed from the Italian ''corsaro''. This derives from the Latin ''cursus'', meaning "course" (as in journey or expedition).〔Dictionnaire de L'Académie Française, (9e edition en ligne )〕〔http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=corsair〕 The French word ''corsaire'' may also come as a mispronunciation of the Arabic word "qorṣaan", yet the term ''pirate'' had been in use in French since the Middle Ages.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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